eukaryote

/yoo-kar-ee-oht, -ee-uht/US // yuˈkær iˌoʊt, -i ət //UK // (juːˈkærɪˌɒt) //

真核生物,真核细胞,真核生物体,真核生物界

Definitions

n.名词 noun

1
Biology.
- : any organism of the proposed domain Eukaryota, having as its fundamental structural unit a cell type that contains specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes, and an elaborate system of division by mitosis or meiosis, characteristic of all life forms except bacteria, blue-green algae, and other primitive microorganisms.

More recently, scientists have debated how to organize eukaryotes, organisms that store DNA within a cell nucleus.
The structure of genes in eukaryotes is complicated, because their blueprints for making proteins are broken up by introns.
It’s an ingenious solution — but eukaryotes didn’t invent it entirely on their own.
The four primary histones of eukaryotes — H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 — assemble into octamers with two copies of each.
Up until then, viral factories appeared to be exclusive to the viruses that infect eukaryotes, so finding one in a prokaryote bolstered the idea that something similar could have happened long ago to initiate the formation of a nucleus.